Digital signatures are the proof of a document's authenticity. A digitally signed document assures that it has been created by the signer and has not been changed in any way.
DsExcel allows users to add digital signatures to Excel spreadsheets to make them authentic and easier to validate.
Signature lines act as a signature placeholder for digital signatures. They can be added to worksheet as signature line shapes which can be signed further.
The AddSignatureLine method of ISignatureSet interface adds signature lines in a worksheet. You can also add information about the intended signer and instructions for the signer by using various properties of ISignatureSetup interface. When the workbook is opened again or sent to the intended signer as an Excel file, the signature line can be seen along with a notification that their signature is requested.
Refer to the following example code to add signature line in a worksheet.
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var workbook = new Workbook(); IWorksheet activeSheet = workbook.ActiveSheet; //add signature line ISignatureSetup setup = workbook.Signatures.AddSignatureLine(activeSheet, 100.0, 50.0).Setup; setup.ShowSignDate = false; setup.AllowComments = false; setup.SigningInstructions = "Please check the content before signing."; setup.SuggestedSigner = "Shinzo Nagama"; setup.SuggestedSignerEmail = "shinzo.nagama@ea.com"; setup.SuggestedSignerLine2 = "Commander (Balanced)"; //save to Excel file workbook.Save("addsignaturelines.xlsx"); |
The below image shows the signature lines in Excel:
You can copy a signature line to another range of worksheet or to another worksheet by using any of the below:
Refer to the following example code to copy a signature line to another range and another worksheet.
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//copy signature line to another range IRange srcRange = activeSheet.Range["A1:I15"]; IRange destRange = activeSheet.Range["A16:I30"]; srcRange.Copy(destRange); //duplicate signature line signature.SignatureLineShape.Duplicate(); //copy signature line to another worksheet activeSheet.Copy(); |
You can delete a signature line by using any of the below:
Refer to the following example code to delete signature line in a worksheet.
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//create a new signature line and delete with Signature.Delete ISignature signatureForTest = newSignatureLine(); signatureForTest.Delete(); //create a new signature line and delete with Shape.Delete signatureForTest = newSignatureLine(); IShape signatureLineShape = signatureForTest.SignatureLineShape; signatureLineShape.Delete(); |
Refer to the following example code to move signature lines to another range or a worksheet.
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//move signature line
signature.SignatureLineShape.Top += 100;
signature.SignatureLineShape.Left += 50; |
Refer to the following example code to list signature lines in a worksheet.
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//add first signature line ISignature signatureShinzo = signatures.AddSignatureLine( activeSheet, 100.0, 50.0); ISignatureSetup setup1 = signatureShinzo.Setup; setup1.ShowSignDate = false; setup1.AllowComments = false; setup1.SigningInstructions = "Please check the content before signing."; setup1.SuggestedSigner = "Shinzo Nagama"; setup1.SuggestedSignerEmail = "shinzo.nagama@ea.com"; setup1.SuggestedSignerLine2 = "Commander (Balanced)"; //add second signature line ISignature signatureKenji = signatures.AddSignatureLine( activeSheet, 100.0, 350.0); ISignatureSetup setup2 = signatureKenji.Setup; setup2.ShowSignDate = true; setup2.AllowComments = true; setup2.SigningInstructions = "Please check the content before signing!"; setup2.SuggestedSigner = "Kenji Tenzai"; setup2.SuggestedSignerEmail = "kenji.tenzai@ea.com"; setup2.SuggestedSignerLine2 = "Commander (Mecha)"; //list signatures with indexes for (var i = 0; i < signatures.Count; i++) { var signature = signatures[i]; //change SuggestedSigner if (i == 0) signature.Setup.SuggestedSigner = "Shinzo Nagama 123"; //change SuggestedSignerLine2 if (i == 1) signature.Setup.SuggestedSignerLine2 = "Commander (Mecha 1234)"; } |
The SignatureLineShape property in ISignature interface can be used while using signature line as a shape. Its members and their behavior is elaborated in the below table:
SignatureLineShape members | Get or Call Behavior | Set Behavior |
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Adjustments | Supported | #N/A |
Adjustments.Count | Supported | #N/A |
Adjustments.Item | Not Supported | Not Supported |
Adjustments.GetEnumerator | Not Supported | #N/A |
AutoShapeType | Supported | Not Supported |
BottomRightCell | Supported | #N/A |
Chart | Not Supported | #N/A |
Connector | Supported | #N/A |
ConnectorFormat | Not Supported | #N/A |
Fill | Not Supported | #N/A |
GroupItems | Not Supported | #N/A |
HasChart | Supported | #N/A |
Hyperlink | Not Supported | #N/A |
IsPrintable | Supported | Supported |
Line | Not Supported | #N/A |
Locked | Supported | Supported |
Name | Supported | Supported |
Parent | Supported | #N/A |
ParentGroup | Not Supported | #N/A |
PictureFormat | Supported | #N/A |
PictureFormat.ColorType | Supported | Supported |
PictureFormat.Brightness | Supported | Supported |
PictureFormat.Contrast | Supported | Supported |
PictureFormat.Crop | Not Supported | #N/A |
PictureFormat.CropLeft, CropTop, CropRight and CropBottom |
Not Supported | Not Supported |
Placement | Supported | Supported |
Rotation | Supported | Not Supported |
TextFrame | Not Supported | #N/A |
ThreeD | Not Supported | #N/A |
Title | Not Supported | Not Supported |
TopLeftCell | Supported | #N/A |
Left, Top, Right and Bottom | Supported | Supported |
Type | Supported | Supported |
Transparency | Not Supported | Not Supported |
Ungroup | Not Supported | #N/A |
Visible | Supported | Supported |
ZOrderPosition | Supported | Supported |
The signature lines can also be exported to PDF documents. Refer Export Signature Lines.
Digital signatures can be added to Excel spreadsheet by signing the signature lines using a signing certificate which proves signer's identity. Please follow the steps mentioned in Generate Certificate document to generate the certificate file (.pfx).
The Sign method of ISignature interface can be used to add digital signatures. In order to commit signatures, the workbook should be saved with xlsx or xlsm extension. A workbook containing digital signatures is 'marked as final' to discourage editing.
Refer to the following example code to add digital signatures in a worksheet.
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//create a new workbook var workbook = new Workbook(); //add signature line ISignature signature = workbook.Signatures.AddSignatureLine( workbook.ActiveSheet, 100.0, 50.0); ISignatureSetup setup = signature.Setup; setup.ShowSignDate = true; setup.AllowComments = true; setup.SigningInstructions = "<your signing instructions>"; setup.SuggestedSigner = "<signer's name>"; setup.SuggestedSignerEmail = "example@microsoft.com"; setup.SuggestedSignerLine2 = "<signer's title>"; //add signature details var details = new SignatureDetails { Address1 = "<your address>", Address2 = "<address 2>", SignatureComments = "Final", City = "<your city>", StateOrProvince = "<your state or province>", PostalCode = "<your postal code>", CountryName = "<your country or region>", ClaimedRole = "<your role>", CommitmentTypeDescription = "Approved", CommitmentTypeQualifier = "Final" }; //initialize certificate var cert = new X509Certificate2("GcExcelTest.pfx", "test@123"); signature.Sign(cert, "John Williams", details); //save to an excel file to commit signatures workbook.Save("digitalsignatures.xlsx"); |
The below image shows digital signature in Excel:
You can also add invisible digital signatures to a workbook by using AddNonVisibleSignature method of ISignatureSet interface. The non visible digital signatures do not appear in any worksheet. However, they can be viewed by clicking ‘View Signatures’ dialog in Excel.
Refer to the following example code to add non visible signatures in a workbook.
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//create a new workbook var workbook = new Workbook(); //add non visible signatures ISignature signature = workbook.Signatures.AddNonVisibleSignature(); var details = new SignatureDetails { Address1 = "<your address>", Address2 = "<address 2>", SignatureComments = "Final", City = "<your city>", StateOrProvince = "<your state or province>", PostalCode = "<your postal code>", CountryName = "<your country or region>", ClaimedRole = "<your role>", CommitmentTypeDescription = "Approved", CommitmentTypeQualifier = "Final" }; var cert = new X509Certificate2("GcExcelTest.pfx", "test@123"); signature.Sign(cert, details); //save to an excel file workbook.Save("nonvisiblesignatures.xlsx"); |
A digitally signed workbook becomes read-only. When it is opened again in DsExcel, its digital signatures must be preserved before closing it. To achieve this:
A digitally signed workbook should be countersigned if it is opened and any modification is done to it. Otherwise, the existing signatures are removed after saving the workbook as xlsx or xlsm. The Countersign method of ISignature interface can be used to countersign a signature using the same certificate.
Refer to the following example code to open a digitally signed workbook and countersign it after modifying the worksheet.
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//open a digitally signed workbook workbook.Open("signsignaturelines.xlsx"); //modify the worksheet workbook.Worksheets[0].Range["A1"].Value = "Modified"; //countersign using same certificate workbook.Signatures[0].Countersign(cert); //save to an excel file workbook.Save("countersign.xlsx"); |
A digitally signed workbook can be opened in digital signature only mode by using DigitalSignatureOnly property in XlsxOpenOptions class. In this mode, you can perform the following operations while preserving existing signatures:
Refer to the following example code to open a digitally signed workbook in digital signature only mode and add non visible signatures to it.
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workbook.Open("signsignaturelines.xlsx"); //use DigitalSignatureOnly mode, because the workbook was already signed. //if you don't open it with digital signature only mode, //all existing signatures will be removed after saving the workbook. XlsxOpenOptions openOption = new XlsxOpenOptions { DigitalSignatureOnly = true }; //add signature to this workbook var signature = workbook.Signatures.AddNonVisibleSignature(); signature.Sign(cert, details); //commit signatures workbook.Save("AddNonVisibleSignatureToSignedWorkbook.xlsx"); |
DsExcel allows you to verify digital signatures by using IsValid property of ISignature interface. You can also extract the results of certificate verification by using X509ChainStatusFlags enumeration.
Refer to the following example code to verify digital signatures in a signed workbook.
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//create a new workbook var workbook = new Workbook(); workbook.Open("digitalsignatures.xlsx"); ISignatureSet signatures = workbook.Signatures; bool signed = false; bool valid = false; X509Certificate2 certificate = null; // Verify signature foreach (var signature in signatures) { if (signature.IsSigned) { signed = true; certificate = signature.Details.SignatureCertificate; valid = signature.IsValid; break; } } // Verify certificate if (certificate != null) { var status = X509ChainStatusFlags.NoError; // build the certificate chain var chain = new X509Chain(); bool certValid = chain.Build(certificate); // inspect the results if (!certValid) { var chainStatus = chain.ChainStatus; for (var i = 0; i < chainStatus.Length; i++) { status |= chainStatus[i].Status; } } // Extract the certificate verification result var isCertificateExpired = status.HasFlag(X509ChainStatusFlags.NotTimeValid); var isCertificateRevoked = status.HasFlag(X509ChainStatusFlags.Revoked); var isCertificateUntrusted = status.HasFlag(X509ChainStatusFlags.UntrustedRoot); Console.WriteLine("Expired:" + isCertificateExpired); Console.WriteLine("Revoked:" + isCertificateRevoked); Console.WriteLine("UnTrusted:" + isCertificateUntrusted); } |
DsExcel allows you to remove digital signatures from a signed signature line by using Delete method of ISignature interface. The signature line is retained but can be deleted separately (as explained above).
Refer to the following example code to delete digital signatures from signed signature line in a workbook.
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//create a new workbook var workbook = new Workbook(); // This file contains 1 signed signature line and // a not signed signature line. workbook.Open("signsignaturelines.xlsx"); //use DigitalSignatureOnly mode, because the workbook was already signed XlsxOpenOptions openOption = new XlsxOpenOptions { DigitalSignatureOnly = true }; //remove signature of signed signature line foreach (var signature in workbook.Signatures) { if (signature.IsSignatureLine && signature.IsSigned) { //remove digital signature. //the signature line will not be removed from the SignatureSet //in digital signature only mode. //because signature lines are shapes signature.Delete(); break; } } //commit signatures workbook.Save("deletesignaturefromsignatureline.xlsx"); |
Note: The signature formats observed in this feature have been tested with following versions:
Target Office version
The office version used to observe file structures when developing this feature is Office 365, build 16.0.12228.
This version can be observed by using SignatureDetails.ApplicationVersion property.
Minimum Office version
The minimum Office version required to open the signed workbook is Office 2013.